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Everything You Need to Know About Alzheimer’s Disease

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What is Alzheimer’s disease?

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive form of dementia. Dementia is a broader term for conditions that negatively affect memory, thinking, and behavior. The changes interfere with daily living. Dementia can have a range of causes, such as brain injuries or diseases. Sometimes the cause is unknown.

According to the Alzheimer’s Association, Alzheimer’s disease accounts for 60 to 80 percent of dementia cases. Most people with the disease get a diagnosis after age 65. If it’s diagnosed before then, it’s generally referred to as “younger onset” or “early onset” Alzheimer’s disease.

There’s no cure for Alzheimer’s, but there are treatments that can slow the progression of the disease.
Alzheimer’s facts

Although many people have heard of Alzheimer’s disease, it’s helpful to know the facts. Here are some key details about this condition:

Alzheimer’s disease is a chronic (long-term), ongoing condition. It is not a typical sign of aging.
Alzheimer’s and dementia aren’t the same thing. Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia.
Its symptoms come on gradually, and the effects on the brain are degenerative, meaning they cause slow decline.
Anyone can get Alzheimer’s disease, but certain people are at higher risk for it. This includes people over age 65 and those with a family history of the condition.
There’s no single expected outcome for people with Alzheimer’s. Some people live a long time with mild cognitive damage, while others experience a more rapid onset of symptoms and quicker disease progression.
There’s no cure for Alzheimer’s yet, but treatment can help slow the progression of the disease and may improve quality of life.

Each person’s journey with Alzheimer’s disease is different.
Symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease

Everyone has episodes of forgetfulness from time to time. But people with Alzheimer’s disease display certain ongoing behaviors and symptoms that worsen over time. These can include:

memory loss affecting daily activities, such as keeping appointments
trouble with familiar tasks, such as using a microwave
difficulties with problem-solving
trouble with speech or writing
becoming disoriented about times or places
decreased judgment
decreased personal hygiene
mood and personality changes
withdrawal from friends, family, and community

These signs don’t always mean that a person has Alzheimer’s. It’s important to see a doctor to determine the cause.

Symptoms change according to the stage of the disease. In later stages, people with Alzheimer’s often have significant trouble with talking, moving, or responding to what’s happening around them.
Diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease

The only definitive way to diagnose someone with Alzheimer’s disease is to examine their brain tissue after death. But a doctor can use other examinations and tests to assess your mental abilities, diagnose dementia, and rule out other conditions.

The doctor will likely start by taking a medical history. They may ask about your:

symptoms
family medical history
other current or past health conditions
current or past medications
diet, alcohol intake, and other lifestyle habits

From there, your doctor will likely request several tests to help determine if you have Alzheimer’s disease.

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Alzheimer’s tests

There’s no definitive test for Alzheimer’s disease. However, mental, physical, neurological, and imaging tests can help your doctor reach a diagnosis.

Your doctor may start with a mental status test. This can help them assess your:

short-term memory
long-term memory
orientation to place and time

For example, they may ask you:

what day it is
who the president is
to remember and recall a short list of words

Next, they’ll likely conduct a physical exam. For example, they may:

check your blood pressure
assess your heart rate
take your temperature
request urine or blood tests, in some cases

Your doctor may also conduct a neurological exam to rule out other possible diagnoses, such as acute medical issues like infection or stroke. During this exam, they will check your:

reflexes
muscle tone
speech

Your doctor may also order brain imaging studies. These studies, which will create pictures of your brain, can include:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. MRIs can help pick up key markers, such as inflammation, bleeding, and structural issues.
Computed tomography (CT) scan. CT scans take X-ray images, which can help your doctor look for abnormal characteristics in your brain.

Other tests your doctor may do include blood tests to check for genes that may indicate you have a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
Alzheimer’s medication

There’s no known cure for Alzheimer’s disease. However, your doctor can recommend medications and other treatments to help ease your symptoms and delay the progression of the disease for as long as possible.

For early to moderate Alzheimer’s, your doctor may prescribe medications such as donepezil (Aricept) or rivastigmine (Exelon). These drugs can help maintain high levels of acetylcholine in your brain. This can help the nerve cells in your brain send and receive signals better. In turn, this may ease some symptoms of Alzheimer’s.

A newer medication called aducanumab (Aduhelm) is recommended only for those with early Alzheimer’s. It is thought to reduce the protein plaques that build up in the brain with Alzheimer’s. However, there are some concerns about whether the drug’s potential benefits outweigh its risks.

To treat moderate to late stage Alzheimer’s, your doctor may prescribe donepezil (Aricept) or memantine (Namenda). Memantine can help block the effects of excess glutamate. Glutamate is a brain chemical that’s released in higher amounts in Alzheimer’s disease and damages brain cells.

Your doctor may also recommend antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, or antipsychotics to help treat symptoms related to Alzheimer’s. These symptoms vary based on the progression of the disease, and can include:

depression
difficulty sleeping at night
agitation
hallucinations

Although the care needs of a person with Alzheimer’s will increase over time, the exact symptoms will be different from person to person.
Other Alzheimer’s treatments

In addition to medication, lifestyle changes can help you manage your condition. For example, your doctor might develop strategies to help you or your loved one:

simplify tasks
limit confusion
get enough rest every day
use relaxation techniques
create a calming environment

Along with your doctor, a team of healthcare professionals can help you maintain your quality of life at all stages along the Alzheimer’s journey. A care team for Alzheimer’s may include a:

physical therapist, to help with staying active
dietician, to maintain a balanced, nutritious diet
pharmacist, to help with monitoring medications
mental health professional, who may work with the person with Alzheimer’s as well as their caregivers
social worker, to help with accessing resources and support
respite care center, to provide short-term care for someone with Alzheimer’s when their caregivers are temporarily unavailable
hospice care center, to manage symptoms in a comfortable and supportive setting at the end of life

Some studiesTrusted Source have suggested that vitamin E could help slow the loss of functioning in Alzheimer’s, especially when taken with medications like donepezil that increase acetylcholine in the brain. But other research found no benefits when taking vitamin E for Alzheimer’s disease. Overall, more evidence is needed.

Be sure to ask your doctor before taking vitamin E or any other supplements. It can interfere with some of the medications used to treat Alzheimer’s disease.

In addition to lifestyle changes, there are several alternative and complementary therapies you can ask your doctor about.

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Ondo bans unverified alcohol after 29 die

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The Ondo State Government has ordered the immediate ban on the sale and distribution of unverified alcoholic drinks and other substances following the deaths of 29 people in Odigbo Local Government Area of the state.

The government also directed security agencies to take immediate action against the sale and distribution of illegal and unapproved products across the state.

The Commissioner for Information and Orientation, Idowu Ajanaku, announced the directive in a statement on Saturday following the deaths and reported cases of illness in several communities in Odigbo.

The state Commissioner for Health, Dr Banji Awolowo-Ajaka, had earlier confirmed that 29 people had died after consuming a suspected contaminated alcoholic drink, while 60 suspected cases had been recorded.

Ajaka said three of the affected persons were receiving treatment in hospitals, while 27 others were under medical observation.

According to him, 95 per cent of those affected were males aged between 16 and 55, with cases reported mainly in Orita Odigbo, Araromi-Obu, Newtown, Odole, Okele and Oniparaga communities.

The commissioner listed the symptoms recorded among the victims as headache, body pain, general weakness, visual disturbance, difficulty in breathing and altered consciousness.

He said some of the patients deteriorated rapidly, resulting in death within a few hours.

Ajaka, however, said the government had yet to establish scientifically that the suspected alcoholic drink was responsible for the deaths.

“The pattern of illness and reported history of exposure have raised strong epidemiological suspicion of exposure to a probable toxic alcoholic substance.

“However, we are yet to have laboratory evidence of the cause of the deaths,” he said.

The commissioner said 36 blood and urine samples had been collected from affected persons for laboratory analysis, while samples of the suspected alcoholic substances had also been submitted for toxicological investigations.

Meanwhile, the state government said scientific officers from the Ministry of Health had been deployed to the affected communities to investigate the substance suspected to be responsible for the deaths and determine its exact composition.

The government urged residents to stop purchasing or consuming unverified alcoholic drinks and other substances, particularly products packaged in sachets or bottles without the approval of the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control.

It also warned sellers and distributors against purchasing, selling or making available for public consumption any substance whose source, content or regulatory status could not be verified.

“Anyone found violating this directive will face the full wrath of the law,” the government warned.

The government said the directive was aimed at preventing further loss of lives and ensuring that the incident did not spread to other parts of the state.

It urged residents to remain vigilant and report suspicious products and activities to the relevant authorities.

The government said the directive was part of the efforts of the administration of Governor Lucky Orimisan Aiyedatiwa to unravel the circumstances surrounding the deaths, protect residents and prevent further casualties.

It assured residents that the investigation would continue until the substance responsible for the deaths, if confirmed, was identified.

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Ebola: WHO seeks 5,000 health workers for DR Congo

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Health workers in Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) practice safety check protocols on each other during a training by medical charity, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) to reinforce regional emergency response capacity for Ebola in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) at Ongata Rongai, Kajiado County in Kenya on July 10, 2026.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) on Tuesday said it needed an additional 5,000 health workers to help contain the Ebola outbreak spreading across the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The outbreak, officially detected on May 15, has spread to six provinces in the country’s conflict-affected eastern and northeastern regions.

The WHO, citing official Congolese figures, said more than 6,600 people had been confirmed infected, while 3,175 had died since the outbreak began.

The development has put further pressure on health facilities in the affected areas, many of which are already struggling with shortages of medical personnel and other essential resources.

Ebola is a highly contagious viral disease transmitted through contact with the bodily fluids of infected persons. It can cause severe bleeding, organ failure and death.

The UN health agency said it was working to establish 3,000 beds in Ebola treatment centres across the affected areas to cope with the rising number of patients.

A senior technical official with the WHO, Luca Fontana, said the expansion would require thousands of additional healthcare workers.

“More than 900 beds have been built within the first two months of the response, and we have now reached close to 1,400 beds across 59 treatment centres,” Fontana told a press briefing in Geneva.

He said another 1,600 beds would be required to meet the rapidly increasing demand.

“Despite this extraordinary effort, we estimate that another 1,600 beds will be required to meet the rapidly growing needs,” he said.

Fontana said nearly 4,000 healthcare workers were currently working in the treatment centres, adding that 5,000 more were urgently needed.

He said the Congolese Ministry of Health was racing against time to identify qualified medical personnel from other parts of the country for deployment to the affected provinces.

“The problem is to identify those fast enough to make sure that we can cover the growing need,” Fontana said.

He stressed that fully staffed treatment centres would be critical to saving lives and bringing the outbreak under control.

“Every treatment centre that is fully staffed and functional means more life saved and a stronger chance of bringing this outbreak under control,” he said.

The current outbreak is caused by the Bundibugyo strain of Ebola, for which there is currently no approved vaccine or treatment. Several vaccines and treatments, however, are being tested.

The outbreak has also been complicated by the security situation in the affected regions, where government presence is weak, healthcare infrastructure is limited and armed groups have operated for decades.

Fontana said the geographical spread of patients seeking treatment was another indication that the outbreak was expanding.

He explained that while most patients initially admitted to treatment centres came from Bunia, the capital of Ituri Province, infected people were now arriving from villages “far beyond” the original epicentre.

He described the development as “a clear sign” that the outbreak was spreading and said the WHO response would have to adapt accordingly.

Ebola has killed more than 15,000 people in Africa over the past 50 years.

The previous major Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo, which lasted from 2018 to 2020, killed nearly 2,300 people out of about 3,500 reported infections.

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Trump cleared for office, doctor orders weight loss ahead of 80th birthday

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United States President Donald Trump has been declared medically fit to continue in office, with his physician describing him as being in “excellent health” while recommending weight loss and increased physical activity weeks before his 80th birthday.

The White House disclosed on Friday that Trump underwent his annual medical and dental examination on Tuesday at Walter Reed Military Hospital near Washington, amid growing scrutiny over his health and fitness for office.

In a three-page medical memo released by the White House, Trump’s physician, US Navy Captain Sean Barbabella, said the president demonstrated strong overall physical and mental capacity.

“President Trump remains in excellent health, demonstrating strong cardiac, pulmonary, neurological, and overall physical function,” Barbabella stated, adding that the president was “fully fit to carry out all duties of the Commander-in-Chief and Head of State.”

However, the physician advised Trump to adopt healthier lifestyle measures, including dietary adjustments, increased physical activity, continued weight loss and low-dose aspirin therapy for cardiovascular prevention.

According to the report, Trump, who will turn 80 on June 14, stands at 6ft 3in tall and weighs 238 pounds (108 kilograms), about 14 pounds more than he weighed during his last full annual medical check-up in April last year.

Despite concerns surrounding his age, the report noted that Trump’s cardiac health reflected an estimated age roughly 14 years younger than his chronological age.

The president also reportedly scored a perfect “30 out of 30” in a cognitive assessment, a result Trump has repeatedly cited in public while contrasting himself with his Democratic predecessor, former President Joe Biden.

The medical report further addressed concerns over bruising frequently seen on Trump’s right hand, attributing it to “minor soft tissue irritation” caused by repeated handshaking and aspirin use.

The memo also referenced scarring on Trump’s right ear linked to the assassination attempt against him during a campaign rally in Butler, Pennsylvania, in 2024, when a gunman opened fire, killing a supporter and slightly wounding the president.

Trump’s latest health evaluation comes amid public concerns after he was occasionally seen appearing drowsy during White House meetings and events. He had also previously been diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency, a condition that affects blood circulation in the veins and can lead to swelling in the legs.

Reacting shortly after Tuesday’s examination, Trump wrote on his Truth Social platform that the medical exercise had gone “PERFECTLY,” while the White House later shared his photograph online with the caption, “PERFECT BILL OF HEALTH!”

The release of the report also sparked debate in the United States after the White House initially delayed making the medical details public, breaking with the traditional practice of releasing presidential health summaries shortly after such examinations.

Trump has long faced criticism over transparency regarding his health records, with questions also raised over the scheduling and description of his medical evaluations since returning to office.

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