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50 years after the Biafra War, a turning point for humanitarian assistance

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The Biafra War (1967-1970) in Nigeria led to a humanitarian crisis and the world’s largest civilian airlift. As a result, groundbreaking reforms were launched in humanitarian assistance.

The Biafra War in the public eye

In 1968, the world saw pictures of starving children in Biafra. These images shone a spotlight on a conflict, the Biafra War in Nigeria, which had been raging virtually unnoticed by the West. Southeast Nigeria had declared its independence in May 1967, leading to a protracted civil war and a humanitarian crisis. The war only ended two‑and‑a‑half years later, on 15 January 1970. Up to two million people died, many of them from starvation.

The images of the “Biafra children” created a wave of solidarity in many countries and a flood of donations. Furthermore, the Biafra War became a turning point for the development of humanitarian assistance. The churches played a crucial role in Biafra. Church organisations of various denominations and from different countries joined forces to form an aid alliance and provided people in the Biafran enclave with food and medicine via an airlift. Although it is less famous than the Berlin Airlift, this was the largest civilian airlift in world history, with 80,000 tonnes of food and medicine transported by over 7000 flights. According to official figures, the airlift saved a million lives.

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Conference on humanitarian assistance 50 years after Biafra

An event co-organised with Diakonie Katastrophenhilfe and Caritas International is taking place at the Federal Foreign Office on 14 January 2020 to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the end of the Biafra War. Experts from humanitarian organisations, academia and civil society will discuss developments in humanitarian assistance and the importance of the humanitarian principles. Civil‑society and church organisations are essential partners in alleviating human suffering around the world. The Federal Foreign Office supports a large number of humanitarian aid projects run by organisations such as Diakonie Katastrophenhilfe and Caritas International.

Establishment of the humanitarian principles

Similar questions arise in humanitarian aid today as those posed by the Biafra War. How can access to people in need be ensured? Which principles define the provision of aid? Humanitarian assistance has developed significantly since the time of the Biafra War. The humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence are now well established. While long‑term aid was primarily provided by church organisations during the Biafra War, humanitarian assistance is now more firmly part of the international system, for example under the auspices of the United Nations.

Bärbel Kofler, Federal Government Commissioner for Human Rights Policy and Humanitarian Assistance at the Federal Foreign Office, commented as follows:

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“Humanitarian assistance has developed tremendously in the past 50 years. As one of the largest humanitarian donors, Germany works with its partners to ensure that the humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence are upheld and promoted, as respect for these principles helps humanitarian organisations and aid workers to negotiate access and people in need to receive aid even in complex crises and conflicts.”

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National Issues

Senate Urges Tinubu to Champion LG Autonomy

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In a bid to address mounting challenges including insecurity, rural-urban migration, decaying infrastructure, and widespread unemployment, the Senate has called upon President Bola Tinubu to spearhead advocacy efforts for the full autonomy of local governments across Nigeria.

The upper chamber emphasised the urgency of the matter, highlighting the need for concerted efforts to mitigate the prevailing issues.

It urged the president to initiate a comprehensive national dialogue involving key stakeholders such as governors, state legislators, local government officials, civil society organisations, and community leaders.

The aim is to devise a strategic roadmap towards achieving full autonomy for local governments.

Lawmakers, echoing widespread sentiments, underscored the critical nature of reforming the local government system, which they described as the most abused.

They emphasised the necessity of amending the 1999 constitution to facilitate the desired independence.

Senate Minority Leader, Senator Abba Moro, lamented the prevalence of caretaker committees in over 17 states, which, he argued, has led to administrative gridlock within the local government setup.

Moro stressed the imperative of launching thorough investigations into systemic abuses to ensure accountability.

Adding his voice to the discourse, Senator Ifeanyi Ubah of Anambra South revealed alarming statistics regarding local government elections in his state.

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He disclosed that Anambra has not conducted such elections in the past 18 years, citing the non-implementation of the 1999 framework as a major hindrance to local government autonomy.

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National Issues

Senate approves death sentence for drug traffickers

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The Nigerian Senate has approved the death sentence as a penalty for drug traffickers in the country.

The historic decision came as the Senate passed the 2024 NDLEA Act (Amendment) Bill through its third reading.

The proposal gained traction on Thursday as the Senate delved into a meticulous clause-by-clause examination of the report presented by Senator Tahir Munguno, Chairman of the Committees on Judiciary, Human Rights & Legal Matters, and Drugs & Narcotics National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) Act (Amendment) Bill, 2024.

During the review of the penalty provisions aimed at bolstering the agency’s operations, Senator Peter Nwebonyi, the Senate Chief Whip, proposed an amendment to elevate the punishment for drug traffickers from a life sentence to death under clause 11.

Initially met with dissenting voices, the proposal faced a moment of contention during the voting process. Despite an initial indication of disapproval, a subsequent vote favoured the adoption of the amendment, prompting a heated reaction from some lawmakers.

Senator Adams Oshiomhole was among those who voiced dissatisfaction with what he deemed a rushed consideration and passage of the amended clause.

However, the Deputy Senate President rebuffed attempts to reverse the ruling, citing procedural grounds.

In a parallel effort, the Senate also embarked on a comprehensive review of the salaries, allowances, and fringe benefits of judicial office holders in Nigeria.

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The move, aimed at combating bribery and corruption while safeguarding the judiciary’s independence, saw the executive bill seeking to prescribe remuneration levels for judicial office holders at both federal and state levels advance to the second reading.

While the bill garnered unanimous support, calls were made for a broader review of salaries and remuneration across various sectors in light of prevailing economic challenges.

Consequently, the bill was referred to the Committee on Judiciary, Human Rights, and Legal Matters for further scrutiny, with a mandate to report back within four weeks.

 

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National Issues

16 Governors Back State Police Amid Security Concerns

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In response to the escalating security challenges plaguing Nigeria, no fewer than 16 state governors have thrown their weight behind the establishment of state police forces.

This development was disclosed by the National Economic Council (NEC) during its 140th meeting, chaired by Vice President Kashim Shettima, which took place virtually on Thursday.

Minister of Budget and Economic Planning, Atiku Bagudu, who briefed State House Correspondents after the meeting, revealed that out of the 36 states, 20 governors and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) were yet to submit their positions on the matter, though he did not specify which states were among them.

The governors advocating for state police also pushed for a comprehensive review of the Nigerian Constitution to accommodate this crucial reform. Their move underscores the urgency and gravity of the security situation across the nation.

Similarly, the NEC received an abridged report from the ad-hoc committee on Crude Oil Theft Prevention and Control. This committee, headed by Governor Hope Uzodinma of Imo State, highlighted the areas of oil leakages within the industry and identified instances of infractions.

Governor Uzodinma’s committee stressed the imperative of political will to drive the necessary changes and reforms needed to combat crude oil theft effectively.

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